Travel and Tourism in Sri Lanka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Travel and Tourism in Sri Lanka - Essay Example This "Travel and Tourism in Sri Lanka" essay outlines the recommendations what the travel organization of Sri Lanka should do to succeed on the international market and contains detailed and effective marketing strategy and action plan. Marketing strategy should be associated to the corporate and business strategies and should be consistent in directing competitive thrust on superior management level. As marketing has a large number of activities it has to decide on how it will serve its targeted customers. The marketing strategies should be a guide to achieve goals and objectives in an organisation. It is the base on which marketing decisions are made. These strategies are to be mixed appropriately which helps to achieve the goals in an easier way in an organisation. This mix is known as ‘Marketing Mix’. Marketing mix consists of four primary components. These are: Product: Product refers to the goods as well as services which an organisation offers to the consumers of the product and in return it charges certain amount of price. The buyer pays not for the product but for the satisfaction the product will give. The Sri Lankan company may place its travel packages as their product in the UK market. Price: Price refers to the amount that is charged against the products and the services the organisation offers. Pricing mix is an important element as it influences the demand of a product and the profitability of the organisation. An organisation has to keep the demand, buyers’ capability to pay for the product and etc.

Assignment Budget and Policy Paper Essay Example for Free

Assignment Budget and Policy Paper Essay  · DUI task forces  · Plea bargaining  · Offender reentry/integration  · Victim assistance  · Immigration  · War on drugs  · War on terrorism Prepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact. When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you are out having fun. This paperwork contains CJA 464 Week 4 Learning Team Assignment Budget and Policy Paper Law General Law Select a policy issue from the following list:  · DUI task forces  · Plea bargaining  · Offender reentry/integration  · Victim assistance  · Immigration  · War on drugs  · War on terrorism Prepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact. When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you ar For downloading more tutorials visit https://bitly.com/12BpF7H When you enter college, one of the first things that you should do is get a part time job. There are going to be a lot of hours that are available during the day, as this can help you increase your income. A job will pay its dividends and will reduce your worries when you are out having fun. Law General Law Select a policy issue from the following list:  · DUI task forces  · Plea bargaining  · Offender reentry/integration  · Victim assistance  · Immigration  · War on drugs  · War on terrorism Prepare a 1,400-1,750-word paper in which you summarize the goals in the criminal justice system that your selected policy attempts to achieve. Additionally, analyze the effective and ineffective initiatives associated with your selected policy, as well as any historical significance that may have impact.

Evolution of Server-side Technologies

Evolution of Server-side Technologies Chris Avgerinos Introduction A fundamental change has been occurring for the last fifteen years in the way people write computer programs. Scripting languages such as Perl and Tcl replaced the system programming languages such as C and C++. There are tremendous differences between the languages due to the fact that scripting languages were designed for completely different tasks than system programming languages. The main operations of system programming languages are for building data structures and algorithms from the beginning using elements such as words of memory. Scripting languages assume the sets of powerful components and connect them together. Management of complexity is the main use of system programming languages. On the other hand, scripting languages simplify connections between components and provide rapid application development. (J.Ousterhout, 1998) The main focus of this paper is the evolution of scripting languages and the improvements on web-applications. The history of Scripting Language Scripting is as old as computers due to the fact that in order to use a computer you would need scripting. It begun in the 1950s and ‘60s were programmers subjected punch cards into mainframe operators and the machines used to ran in batch mode. The first scripting language was Job Control Language (JCL) and while they were very functional, their response time was very slow. (Delony, 2012) The idea of scriptable shells came into practice in the 1960s when programmers started developing interactive time-sharing systems. One of the earliest projects was MULTICS and late when some of the Bell Labs programmers left the project, they created another project called UNIX using their own system that they used in the MULTICS project. UNIX shells made it possible to do various complex tasks in one line of shell code using the ability to send the output of one program into the input of another. (Delony, 2012) In 1987, Larry Wall created Perl which was popular in the 90s for creating web-applications. Languages such as Python and ruby were invented and Python was the main rival of Perl. (Delony, 2012) Application areas In this section of the paper, we are going to categorize these languages in order to analyze them correctly. The four main categories are Command, Application, Markup and Universal scripting languages. Command scripting languages These are the oldest class of scripting languages appearing in 1960 when there was a great need for programs and task control managers. As we said before, the most famous of the earliest languages was JCL which was created for IBM OS/360 operating systems. We have also Sed and Awk which were text-processing languages. These languages were the first to include regular expression matching and later implemented into Perl. (A.Kanavin, 2002) Application scripting languages These languages were created in 1980s. Such a language was Microsoft-created Visual Basic and later crated its subset Visual basic for application programming. It emphasizes on user interface programming and component embedding. Later on, earlier languages such as Word Basic and Excel Macro Language were replaced by VBA as the main language for programming Microsoft office suite. Its influence spread and soon VBScript and LotusScript adapted these changes. Table 1: Command Scripting Languages In this class we have also JavaScript which is client parts of web-programming projects. This language has a few dialects such as Jscript and it was first introduced in the Netscape Navigator 2.0 browser. (A.Kanavin, 2002) Table 2: Command Scripting Languages Markup Languages Markup languages differ from the other languages due to the fact that they are not programming languages rather than special command words called ‘tags’ that markup parts of text documents which later used by programs called ’processors’ and had the ability to transform a text so it could be displayed in the browser or converting it to some other data format. The main use of Markup languages is the separation of contents and structures. In addition, they include formatting commands and interactive objects into documents. (A.Kanavin, 2002) In 1969, GML (Generic markup Language) was the first Markup language that was created by IBM. Based on the idea of GML, ISO created a standard called SGML in 1986. Among the Markup languages, TeX, HTML and XHTML became the most known languages. In 1979, Donald Knuth, created Tex which was basically designed precise description of how the documents look overlooking the complexity of the structure. This language aim at people who do not necessarily need to know how to program in contrast with Postscript, which was created by Adobe. In the scientific community, TeX achieved enormous popularity because it can fulfil the need for high-quality rendering of complex formulas. HTML is the basic language of the World Wide Web. It is basically an SGML application. XML is a simpler and streamlined version of SGML which emphasizes on transporting, storing data and exchange data between all kinds of systems. It is used for transforming complex data and hierarchical storing data. HTML was redefined in the terms of XML in 2001 and it was called XHTML. (A.Kanavin, 2002) Table 3: Markup Languages Universal scripting languages In this class, we have the languages that are well-known and were originally created for the UNIX environment. However, the goals were very different. The Perl programming language was made for report generation but it became known for its enormous popularity is the ability to write simple and efficient CGI scripts for forming dynamic web pages. First, Python was a tool for accessing system services of the experimental operating system Amoeba but later on, it became an object-oriented scripting language. Applications languages exist that are used by Microsoft.NET platform. Tcl was mainly used as an application extension but it was first created as string processing and close integration with Tk library. It differs from Perl and Python because it relies on C and C++ extensions. Other languages appeared with web services. PHP is the most popular language and is a combination of HTML and traditional programming procedures. (A.Kanavin, 2002) Table 4: Universal Scripting Languages Languages overview Python Python is an object-oriented language which provides high-level data structures. For example, associative arrays, dynamic typing and binding, etc. Python is a powerful programming language that has a flexible and simple syntax. In 1990, Guido van Rossum created Python and since then it is free and can be run on any computer. Python is modular by nature meaning that the core of Python can be extended by importing new extensions. Various standard extensions for operations such as script manipulations and Perl-like extensions are included in the Python distribution. Moreover, it has Graphical User Interface (GUI) generators, web-related utilities, operating system services, etc. Furthermore, we can create new extensions with new or old code. There has been a remarkable amount of extensions that have been created such as GADFLY, which is an SQL database manager written in Python, PIL the Python imaging library, FNORB, OmniBorker, Numeric Python, etc.(Sanner, 1999) Figure 1: â€Å"The molecule viewer application showing the protein Carmbin (1crn) with its secondary structure shown as a ribbon. The molecular surfaces corresponding to helix1 and sheet2 are displayed and colored using, respectively the â€Å"RASMOL residue† coloring scheme and the â€Å"by atom type† coloring scheme. Some pull down menus have been torn off to show the commands they provide. This set of commands can be extended dynamically by loading modules and commands from libraries.†(Sanner, 1999) Perl Perl was created in 1986 by Larry Wall and is basically a combination of C and various UNIX utilities and the convenience of shell scripting. Some of the languages strength is: easily accessing regular expressions, lists, associative arrays, the ability to treat any value as a string, resource management has become automatic. And if you want to create something, you can do it with many ways. This is called TIMTOWTDI (There Is More Than One Way To Do It). In order to handle complexity, you can use object-orientation. However, some languages force the use of it and usually add unnecessary complexity to almost every project. To tackle this problem, Perl added support for objects; it did so in a way that complex modeling can be achieved if needed.(Chip, n.d.) #!/usr/local/bin/perl $count = 0; while () { @w = split; $count++; for ($i=0; $i $s[$i] += $w[$i]; } } for ($i=0; $i print $s[$i]/$count, t; } print n; â€Å"This is a simple script that computes the average of each column in a table of data. It shows one common usage: read in the data and split each line directly to words and store these words in an array.† LISP The LISP language is designed for symbolic data processing using differential and integral calculus, electrical circuit theory, mathematical logic, game playing and other various fields of artificial intelligence. Since LISP is mathematical language, it is possible to give a complete description of it. It is different from other languages in three ways. First of all, it differs in the nature of the data. S-expressions are data arc in the form of symbolic expressions. Significant sub-expressions can be readily isolated due to the fact that S-expressions have indefinite length and a branching tree type of structure. The source of the language itself is the second difference from the other languages because it specifies in what way the S-expressions are to be processed. The third and final difference of LISP is that it can interpret and execute programs written in the form of S-expressions.(McCarthy, 1965) (defparameter *small* 1) (defparameter *big* 100) (defun guess-my-number () (ash (+ *small* *big*) -1)) (defun smaller () (setf *big* (1- (guess-my-number))) (guess-my-number)) (defun bigger () (setf *small* (1+ (guess-my-number))) (guess-my-number)) (defun start-over () (defparameter *small* 1) (defparameter *big* 100) (guess-my-number)) â€Å"This is a super simple number guessing game. Its also designed to illustrate what its like to work within a REPL.† Improving Web Application performance The need for Client-Side Scripting Nowadays, people expect that web applications function just like a windows application due to the fact that web applications have become more powerful and sophisticated. Basically, web applications reside the source code and assemblies and are processed on a web server. What a web server does is that it accepts an incoming HTTP request and then it returns the requested resource in an HTTP response. (Fote, 2013) The process of submitting an ASP.NET page to the server for processing is called PostBack. The HTML page is sent to the web server every time a PostBack happens. What happens is this: the server loads the page, it processes events and renders the new HTML back to the client but on a PostBack the entire page is refreshed. Due to the fact that large web applications consume large amount of view state, it can be very consuming for the client and as a result it will become a major problem for the web server. (Fote, 2013) Inside a client’s HTML page, there are embedded scripts which are called Client-Side scripting. What it does is that the code will be processed on the client machine rather than perform a PostBack to the web-server. Moreover, it is basically used for navigating on pages, date validation and formatting and the language that is used is JavaScript which is compatible to any browser. Client-Side scripting has two benefits. The first is that it is very fast and the second is that it requires fewer resources an the web-server. (Fote, 2013) Ajax Part of Ajax is an object called XMLHttpRequest. What Ajax does is that it makes possible the transfer of data between the browser and the server, using XMLHttpRequest API, without having to reload the web page. This object quickly become popular and web applications such as Google maps and Gmail were created using XMLHttpRequest to get new map titles without reloading the page. The requests that Ajax uses, are triggered by JavaScript code. This is what happens: your code sends a request to a URL, and then it receives a response, that triggers a callback function to handle the response. The rest of the code continues to execute while the request is being process due to the fact that the request is asynchronous.(â€Å"Ajax | jQuery Learning Center,† n.d.) Conclusion To conclude, server-side technologies have been greatly evolved over the years. Languages such as Python, HTML and Perl have raised the standards of scripting languages. Web applications have been improved with the help of Client-Side technologies such as Ajax which played a significant role in the improvement of web applications. I believe that in the future we will see new languages that will surpass the current languages by far. References A.Kanavin, An overview of scripting languages (2002) Lappeenranta University of Technology [online] Available at: http://www.sensi.org/~ak/impit/studies/report.pdf Date of Access: 25/3/2014 Ajax | jQuery Learning Center, n.d. Chip, n.d. The ascent of scripting languages. Geeks Are Sexy Technol. News. Delony, D., 2012. Scripting Languages 101 [WWW Document]. Techopedia.com. URL http://www.techopedia.com/2/28762/development/programming-languages/scripting-languages-101 (accessed 3.12.14). Fote, B., 2013. How Does Client-Side Scripting Improve Web Application Performance? [WWW Document]. Segue Technol. URL http://www.seguetech.com/blog/2013/02/07/what-are-the-pros-and-cons-of-client-side-scripting (accessed 3.13.14). J.Ousterhout, Scripting: Higher Level Programming for the 21st Century (1998) Tcl Developer Xchange [online] Available at: http://www.tcl.tk/doc/scripting.html Date of Access: 25/3/2014 McCarthy, J., 1965. LISP 1.5 Programmer’s Manual. MIT Press. Sanner, M.F., 1999. Python: a programming language for software integration and development. J Mol Graph Model 17, 57–61.

Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman Essay -- essays research papers

In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, [the protagonist] Willy Loman’s inability to live in and cope with the present ultimately destroys him. The are several constant themes and ideas throughout the play which show this. Willy’s inability to be successful according to his own standards is most problematical for him. The troublesome relationship between Willy and his family also leads to a great deal of stress. And the constants flashbacks and disillusions Willy goes through to deal with these problems bring him further from reality and destroy him. The fact that Willy cannot be successful is perhaps his biggest problem. In escaping this reality he ultimately destroys himself. Willy says, â€Å"I did 500 gross in Providence and 700 gross in Boston.† â€Å"No! Wait a minute...that makes your commission $212!,† replies Linda â€Å"Well I didn’t figure it yet but...well I did about a hundred and eighty gross in Providence,† answers Willy (11). To cover up for his lack of success at work, Willy lies about how he does. He tries to make himself seem successful when in reality he needs to find a solution to his problems. He tries to bargain with his boss to get a steady paying job because he cannot live on the commission he is making. â€Å"If I could take home - well $65 a week, I could swing it...All I need is $50 a week...If I had $40 a week - that’s all I need,† Willy begs his boss (24). His lack of success causes him to keep bargaining and will lead him to settle at just about anything. However the attempt to get a regular paying job turns out nothing short of failure. Failures such as this lead to Willy’s being fired. â€Å"I don’t want you to represent us, I’ve been meaning to tell you for a long time now,† says Howard (26). This obviously destroys his work life. These mounting problems of being unsuccessful at work build up leading to him ultimately being fired. There are several ways in which Willy avoids his problems. First, rather then deal with such situations Willy is stubborn and assumes things will take care of themselves. He uses this attitude when his long time friend Charley offers him a job. Charley says, â€Å"I offered you a job. You can make $50 a week, and I won’t send you on the road.† â€Å"I’ve got a job,†(30). Willy’s stubbornness won’t let him deal with reality, causing him to turn down an offer to fix a major problem. He denies his problems rather then taking t... ...ot, and get right down the field under the ball...because it is important son...(To Ben), Ben, Where do I?...How do I?† (38). This is Willy as he leaves his home for the final time. He has a final hallucination with Ben and Biff. Then he realizes he is alone, but it is too late. The reality is finally realized yet Willy cannot handle it because he has avoided handling it for so long. The pile of unsolved problems is too much and Willy is destroyed. There are many troubling issues Willy faces throughout the play. His lack of success and work and his troubled family relationships hurt him. They destroy him literally. Rather then dealing with these issues he escapes into disillusionment, which proves costly to him. The constant flashbacks to his glory days and his dreams of being successful lead to his inability to settle his present problems. By the time that reality kicks in, it is too late for Willy to deal with it and instead he takes his life because his life is too far g one to fix. And even if it is possible, years of living back and forth in and out of reality have made him unable to know how to fix his life. The inability to accept the present has destroyed Willy Loman.

Video Games Impact and Young People

With constant advances in technology, children are finding new ways of spending their afternoons. Instead of playing catch outside or riding their bikes to a neighbor's house, many children have resorted to sitting in front of a television and playing their favorite video game.Some people believe that video games do not have a serious effect on young children. However, research has repeatedly proven that violence in video games is having a negative effect on kids and the way they behave. Some of the games can increase a person's aggressive thoughts and make them behave very violently.Video games provoke violent thoughts and actions as the games are becoming too graphic for the kids and they're giving them knowledge about the utilization of guns and fighting skills. The video games are making kids act out violent crimes and making them very aggressive because sometimes they think it's acceptable to do what the characters do. Violent video games also have an immediate effect on a child 's mood, mind, and their brain development.Many kids enjoyed playing violent games because they were very entertaining to play and there was a lot of action and excitement in them. Also it was a rush for the kids to shoot people and blow things up. In a study that was done, which researched video game playing among 357 seventh and eighth grade students? The kids were asked to pick their favorite type of video game among five categories.The category that was most preferred was games that involved violence. Nearly 32% of the kids said they liked violent video games over any other type of game. Less than 2% of the children enjoyed playing educational games. (Funk, 86-90) The reason the students gave for liking violent video games more was that there is so much action in them and you can never get bored.Although video games are designed to be entertaining, challenging, and sometimes educational, most include violent content and many have very explicit graphics. The problem is that even though they are games, the ones involving shooting can teach some real skills about using weapons. A person who becomes good at handling a pistol or shotgun to kill fake enemies on a television screen can very easily turn those skills onto real people.And, in the process of playing the game, one becomes desensitized to the horror of real killing. Thus, if the killing ever does become real, it is carried out with a complete lack of empathy for the victims. There was an analysis done which showed that 89% of games showed some sort of violence (Children Now, 5-6), and that almost half of the video games that are out in the stores showed some extreme violence to other characters in the game. (Dietz, 425-42)Therefore, most of the games being bought by children contain some sort of violence in them. So violent video games are now becoming more popular and research has shown that these games are having negative effects on children. Kids sometimes don't realize that these games are only for fun and they shouldn't imitate what the game does. Thus, games sometimes can confuse reality with fantasy.For example, in games like Goldeneye 007 bad guys no longer disappear when they are killed. Instead they get killed in a very violent way with blood going all over the place. For example, those shot in the neck fall to the ground and blood squirts out their necks that cause them to grab their throats. Games like Unreal Tournament and Half-Life are very explicit and are very gorier.When characters get shot blood goes all over the place and when they fall there is blood surrounding the dead body. Also sometimes explosives are used and when they throw it at characters they blow up into small pieces. (APA, 78/4) Even though these games are so graphic, violent video games are the most popular games to be sold today.When these games came out kids were very addicted to them and some people believe that because the games are so graphic and violent the gamers are showing more aggressive tendencies after playing these violent games.There are many kids in which are becoming very violent and aggressive over the video games. In a study by Karen E. Dill violent video games increase aggression more then violent movies or television shows due to their interactive and engrossing nature. The two studies showed if a child is already aggressive they are now even vulnerable to violent video games and even if they get a brief exposure to the games it can increase their aggressive behavior. (Dill)There has been some research that has been done which demonstrates individual differences in response to the effects of violent video games. For example, a couple of studies showed that trait hostility might moderate the effects of playing video games.Lynch has found that the physiological effects of playing violent video games may be even greater for children who already show more aggressive tendencies. Adolescents who scored in the top quintile for trait hostility showed greater incr eases in mean arterial pressure, epinephrine, and nor-epinephrine levels in the blood than those in lower quintiles. (Lynch, 152)Therefore video games cause aggression and violence in children because they are interactive, realistically portray violence, and dangerously appeal to children. Violent video games also have an immediate effect on a child's mood, mind, and there brain development. Because they have encountered so much warfare, and gun-use in video games, children act as if they have to always be on-guard. Through many studies, scientists have observed that children develop a defiant attitude. They come to believe that every one is against them and consequently take advantage of every opportunity to create conflict.Obviously, violence is not an acceptable way of solving conflicts, especially for young children. The violence can also affect children's minds when they sleep. The article, â€Å"Media Violence† states that video games have significant effects on childre n such as nightmares when sleeping and fear of being harmed (Gentile, 19-37).The violence comes back in their dreams and severely scares them. For example, a seven-year-old boy, John Paul, played a violent video game every day after school for a month last year with his older brother. Every night, around 10:30pm, he would run into his parents' bedroom crying because he had seen the images from the game trying to attack him in his dream.These effects on a child's mind are powerful. With video games, children are repeatedly exposed to excessive violence and subconsciously fear the consequences of the enemies in their games. For young children, this fear of harm is real. In their still undeveloped minds, virtual violence is no different that actual violence. Video game violence is the most dangerous and influential in children under eight years old because their memories recall the violence as actually occurring. The first eight years of a child's life are the most important years of b rain development (Gentile, 19-37).Studies have shown that during this time, their minds cannot distinguish reality from fantasy when the events become memories (Gentile, 19-37). Therefore, when a child plays violent video games, those memories are stored in his mind as a vivid reality.â€Å"Because children younger than the age of 8 cannot discriminate between fantasy and reality, they are uniquely vulnerable to learning and adopting as reality the circumstances, attitudes, and behaviors portrayed [by video games],† (Anderson, 772-90). The violence affects children heavily, causing nightmares, anti-social attitudes, and an exaggerated fear of harm (Gentile, 19-37).Many games are limiting the amount of violence they put in their game and also many games are being banned from the shelves because they are too violent.Also parents are setting guidelines for the types of video games their children play and being aware of the content in their children's video games. Because the you nger the child, the more impressionable he or she is, and less experienced in evaluating content.† Even though a child may be chronologically a certain age, their social and emotional level of maturity may be different. Parents need to decide what is in the best interest of their children.†(Anderson, 772-90) Thus there have been many strides made, to try to restrict some of the violence in these video games and limit what is children play.As children grow up in their household, they are sometimes rewarded for kind and caring behavior. Many parents expect their children to treat one another with respect and love. By constant exposure to gruesome violence, the nature of video games makes this peaceful environment impossible to achieve.Video games cause aggression and anti-social attitudes in children because they are interactive, realistically portray violence, and dangerously appeal to children. They are having such a negative effect on kids and are becoming a major probl em in America. Society must become aware of these effects caused by video games so that we can promote a peaceful and loving generation of children that respect everyone and everything.Works Cited:Anderson, C.A., and K.E. Dill. Video Games and Aggressive Thoughts, Feelings, and Behavior in the Laboratory and Life. â€Å"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78 (2000): 772-790.Children Now. Fair Play? Violence, Gender and Race in Video Games. Los Angeles, CA: Children Now, 2001. 5-6Dietz, T.L. (1998). â€Å"An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications For Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior. Sex Roles 38 (1998): 425-442.Funk, J.B. â€Å"Reevaluating the Impact of Video Games.† Clinical Pediatrics 32, 2 Feb. 1993: 86-90.

Discussing The Analysis Of Success in Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman.

Discussing The Analysis Of Success in Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman. Success is one of many themes in "Death Of A Salesman". There are many perspectives of what success is and how to achieve it. Arthur Miller uses the beliefs of several characters, especially Willy, to illustrate various concepts of success, how to achieve it, and the correlation between happiness and success.Willy believes that one can be a success only if one has a business-related job. He criticizes Biff's ideal job . He says: "How can he find himself on a farm? Is that a life? A farmhand? ... it's more than ten years now and he has yet to make thirty-five dollars a week!" (pg. 11). This is Willy's only rationale for saying that Biff is not yet a success. From this, one can conclude that Willy believes success is money based.Biff, however, wants to work the farm ' . "[Business] is a measly manner of existence... when all you really desire is to be outdoors, with your shirt off."(pg.English: , Republican representative from Nebraska...16). One suspects that Happy's notion of success is similar to Willy's because Happy tries to impress Willy. However, Happy knows that money is not the only key to success. He says: "It's crazy. But then, it's what I always wanted. My own apartment, a car, and plenty of women. And still, goddammit, I'm lonely."(pg. 17).Although there are many keys to success, one can understand that there are only a few keys to achieving it. A successful person is usually intelligent and tenacious. However, these characteristics are not what Willy deems helpful. He thinks that being "well-liked" and having "personal attractiveness" are the only ways to become successful. One can see that these qualities are not sufficient to success because Biff and Happy have both qualities, in Willy's opinion, yet both are unsuccessful. We know that Bernard...

How to Become an Author The Ultimate Guide

How to Become an Author The Ultimate Guide How to Become an Author: The Ultimate Guide There’s a very short answer to the question of how to become an author. Simply publish a book. With advances in self-publishing, you could technically write and publish a book this afternoon and call yourself an author. So instead, we’re going to ask a better question: how do you become a self-sustaining author.In this post, we’ll share with you the approaches that countless writers have taken to become a full-time author. Regardless of the type of book you want to write, you’ll find an approach here that will help you set the wheels of your publishing career in motion. Read this! "How to Become an Author: The Ultimate Guide" Part 1: Doing the groundworkIf a healthy publishing career is like a garden, then your first step towards success involves preparing the lot. And in both gardening and your writing life, there’s a lot you can do to make sure your soil is fertile and ready for the season.Figure out why you want to be an authorBecoming an author is a massive undertaking and unless you know why you’re doing it, you could be setting yourself up to fail as soon as the going gets tough (and trust us, it will). Some of the most common reasons for becoming a published author are:Creative fulfillment;To reach readers with your work;To make money (from royalties, etc.);To become famous and critically acclaimed;To support your existing business.Writing is art so, naturally, a lot of you will balk at the idea of getting into publishing as a way to acquire money and acclaim - but a reason as legitimate as any. And, having your eye on such a lofty prize can help you stay focused. On the other hand, â€Å"creative fulfillment† isn’t necessarily as strong a reason to become a published author: you can achieve the same result just by writing for yourself (and not having to deal with editors, critics, and sales figures). (Photo by  Stage 7 Photography)Remember how we said at the start that your goal shouldn’t be to become any ol’ author: it’s to become a self-sustaining one. With that in mind, there are a few things you should always be doing to build upon any success that your first book brings you. After you've published your first book, the work doesn't stop! Grow your profile and market yourselfOne of the biggest misconceptions is that if you have a publishing company behind you, they’ll take care of your marketing. The truth is that the vast majority of their advertising spend goes into their top five or six authors. Any marketing budget that is assigned to you (as a new author) will largely go into ‘trade marketing,’ which is working with booksellers to feature your book more prominently in stores.With that in mind, authors need to play an active role in their own marketing and publicity. This might mean hiring their own publicist (at the costlier end) or organizing book tours and signing events. If you can’t afford that, then at least make sure that your online platform is working: Twitter, Instagram, and blogs are pretty much free!Have multiple ideas on the goYou should always be thinking about what’s next. Professional authors are constantly generating ideas that could become a book - and working o n more than one at a time. Who knows when someone from the industry will show interest: if you get yourself in a situation where someone wants to work with you, you need to have a few ideas in the bank.Think about writing a seriesThis is true of traditional publishing, and even more so for indie authors. If your first book has sold thousands of copies and readers love it, the simplest way to capitalize on its success is to continue the series. If you’ve written a fantasy novel, could the main character (or one of the charming side characters) come back for another installment? If people really love your non-fiction title about kitchen refurbishment, could you write a companion piece about bathrooms?With each book you add to a series, you can theoretically grow your revenue exponentially. Every new reader you attract doesn’t just buy one of your books: they buy three or five or fifteen of them.Extra reading: â€Å"How I become a self-publishing millionaire† (inte rview)Create secondary revenue streamsMovie theatres famously make a loss on their ticket sales†¦ but they make it all up at the concession stand. If you’ve got a captive audience who love your book, what else can you do with them? Non-fiction authors regularly tell their readers if you’ve enjoyed my book on meditation, why not buy my online course on Yoga or join me on my (paid) annual retreat to an ashram in Bakersfield?This can be a bit trickier for novelists, but you can always have an online store where you sell totes and t-shirts related to your book. There’s no shame in it: if you want the time to write full-time, you need to find a way to pay the bills.With all this hard work, some talent, and a pinch of good luck, the garden of your career as an author should come to bloom. But that’s just the start. You need to consistently put in the work to continue thriving and gaining new readers. If you’re ready for that, then roll up your sleev es and get to work!If you've recently become an author and would like to share your thoughts and experiences, why not drop a message in the comments below.

Supreme court documents essays

Supreme court documents essays United States v. Butler ( 1933 ) This Court case belongs in the Freedom of Speech category. This case is about a person named Butler who wanted to declare the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional. This is because of the fact that the government back in the 1920s did not do much for the farmers. The Agricultural Adjustment Act was that farmers were being taxed and that tax would go to other farmers to reimburse them to not to grow food. The reason it was brought to court was because Butler refused to pay the tax and the Supreme Court agreed with Butler. The law was then passed legally that farmers taxes would go into a general fund and from the fund would go to other farmers to not to grow food. This court case belongs to the Freedom of Speech category. Eugene Dennis was a communist party leader in the U.S. This case states that Dennis was arrested for violating the Smith Act. The Smith Act prohibits arguing in any manner to overthrow the government of the U.S. Dennis stated that the Smith Act violated his first amendment right to Free Speech. The Supreme Court Found that the Smith act did not violate Denniss Freedom of speech. Even though Free Speech is a guaranteed right it is not unlimited. This right can be overthrown if it prevents danger to the national security of the U.S. This court case belongs to the Freedom of Speech category. This case is about 14 people Arrested for violating the Smiths Act by being members of the communist party in California. The people argued that theyre Freedom of Speech right was taken away from them. The Supreme Court stated that in order for the Smiths Act to be violated people must actively be involved in something rather than just believing in something. The Supreme Court came to a conclusion that the Smith Act did not prohibit "advocacy of forcible overthrow of the government as an abstract doctrine." This court case belongs to the Freed...

Consumer law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer law - Essay Example As a general rule, the goods sold must â€Å"meet the standard that a reasonable person would regards as satisfactory, taking into account any description of the goods, the price and all other relevant circumstances†.1 By quality of goods, the intent of the law is to include not only the appearance and finish of the goods but also their durability and safety. The sales of Goods Act of 1979 so provides that a seller must only sell goods that conforms to its description and the failure of the seller to meet the requirements of the standards set would result into a liability on the part of the seller. Note that even tiny defects that could have gone unnoticed both by the seller and the consumer at the time the goods were sold are considered as non-compliance to the standards of the goods sold and shall be considered as a ground to impose liability on the part of the seller, should the consumer demand for such. However, where the goods are sold as â€Å"shop-soiled† or as damaged goods and the seller openly declares such damage, the seller shall not be held liable for non-compliance with the standards of goods sold. The goods must therefore be as described2. Aside from the standard of goods sold which must be satisfied, the goods must be fit for its purpose. According to the Supply of Goods and Services Act of 1982, the goods must be fit for any particular purpose mentioned by the seller to the buyer. For instance, where the seller purports to sell a pair of climbing shoes, such climbing shoes should be fit for the purpose and will not break easily from the rigors of mountain climbing. Where the goods do not perform as the seller claims it would, then we can say that the goods does not match its description not just in its physical appearance but also in its capabilities. In our hypothetical case, Lil bought a pair of shoes from â€Å"tuffstuff† and wore them on a hill-walking holiday. By the end of the holiday, the shoes

The Analytical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Analytical - Essay Example I joined the job as a volunteer in [...]. As I was eager to meet new people, I welcomed the job as a positive influence in my life. While some of my co-workers complained about their work hours and wages, I was just too glad and grateful to mind these minor hiccups. Working gave me a sense of independence. As an employed person I had more responsibility, I could take greater initiative and in an individual capacity, rather than a member of my family or community, as was the case before. There is an immense sense of self-worth and satisfaction that comes with being entrusted with work and I took too this responsibility with a lot of seriousness. Apart from my feelings of self-worth, which improved greatly because of my work, the job benefitted me in other ways. I was suddenly meeting people of all ages and backgrounds who were either suffering themselves or who had family members who were in pain. This exposure to the greater human condition allowed to me to feel for and extend compassion to people who were different from me. I believe that this exposure at my job was crucial in making me the more broad-minded person that I am today. From a practical perspective, working in something as complex as the pharmaceutical industry helped me understand how big corporations and the professional world worked. The job knowledge I gained in the specific field of pharmaceuticals was not the only thing I learned. I grew more aware about how various organisations and authorities worked in our society. This led to a redefining of my ethics. Earlier, I was not very aware of the ills of the pharmaceutical industry, or any other industry in fact. However, because of my insider’s position, I could now see the various drawbacks of big corporations and the frequent malpractices that harmed common individuals. My complete faith in hospitals, the government, and a greater moral order in general were questioned. In

Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health and Safety - Essay Example Another recommendation was the Deregulation Unit was required to work on guide by the end of 1993 on formulation and implementation of EC law in the UK. Member states indeed have a delay experience on the state of implementation of EU law in transposition of directive as shown by statistics. There is usually an incomplete or incorrect transposition as indicated by statistics of infringement proceedings. In 2002-2005, there has been transposition and application of directive cases up to 78 per cent of them initiated by the European Union against Member States. This indicates very clearly that a problem is experienced by Member States in determining the national method of implementation to give effect to directives. (Hall, Smith and Tsukalis, 2001) Better Regulation Task Force has always urged the UK government on the need for a better and regulatory impact assessment since the problem of "gold plating" is still continuing. The European Commission impact assessments that are supposed to be attached to their legislative proposals are not comprehensive. In addition to the financial impact of the business, it is recommended that their scope is supposed to be extended to require social and environmental impact assessment.

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

World Religions - Essay Example uism, Jainism, and Buddhism refer to the notion of karma in their principal beliefs, but the meaning of karma introduces some different features in the dimension of this religions and cultures. It is important to mention that there are a number of divergent and similar feature in the concepts of karma regarding this particular religions. It is interesting to investigate the peculiarities each of them and understand is basic features. Hinduism is considered to be widespread religion of South Asian people and karma is regarded as one of the principal notions in this particular belief (Smith, n.p.). The word itself refers to the Vedic texts with the basic meaning â€Å"ritual action or labor† (Smith, n.p.). The matter is that ritual of work belongs to â€Å"the construction of a religiously viable self† (Smith, n.p.). To such extend the notion of action presupposes some consequences in the present and future to the particular person. Jainism represents karma as the â€Å"net of our previous choices† that creates the experience of the present moment (Long, 84). Consequently, our current choices produce the future circumstances of our existence (Long, 84). It is important to mention that according to Jainism beliefs we all create the universe with suggesting our choices in a collective form (Long, 84). Kama consist of people’s mind, speech and body that presupposes his/her proceedings. What is more karma is regarded as an abstract substance that surrounds the soul and people’s consciousness. In the dimension of Buddhism karma first and foremost refers to the people’s intentions as they are regarded as the principal stimulators of people’s actions and proceedings (Jà ¼rgensmeyer, 70). Intention is considered to be an â€Å"essential element in moral decision making† according to Buddhism religion (Jà ¼rgensmeyer, 70). That is why they construct a principal concept of karma in this particular case. What is relevant to mention is one big similarity concerning this

Operating System Simulator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operating System Simulator - Essay Example It also supports JRE version 1.2. Java as language offers various capabilities including running the application as a Java applet or as a java application. Therefore, this CPU process-scheduling simulator can be run either as a Java applet or as a Java application. This CPU process scheduling algorithm can be used to perform several experiments on different process scheduling algorithms. Tables of data, graphs, and Gantt charts in form of log files in HTML can be produced by the simulator at the end of each experimental run. One experiment can be carried out involving several processes, for instance, the experiment can be based on eight different CPU processes. The tabular data obtained for different CPU process scheduling algorithms can then be analyzed and important conclusions drawn. Graph or Gantt chart data obtained can also be analyzed. Comparison between the various CPU scheduling algorithms can be drawn and explained based on the analysis of such data and the conclusions arri ved at. The statistic to be evaluated and analyzed from the experimental runs includes data on processes throughput, CPU burst times, I/O Burst times, Waiting times, Turn Around time, and the ratio of CPU Burst Times to Time to Ready plus CPU Burst time. As noted earlier, this CPU process-scheduling simulator supports various CPU scheduling algorithms such as First Come, First Served (FCFS), Shortest Job First (SJF), and the Round Robin algorithm (RR). This simulator manual report will aim at reporting on experiments carried on two CPU process scheduling algorithms; the First Come, First Served (FCFS) algorithm, and the Shortest Job First (SJF) CPU scheduling algorithm. The experiment will be carried out on eight processes for both the algorithms and the characteristics of bot the algorithms evaluated based on those processes. Graphs, Gantt charts, and table data for both the CPU scheduling algorithms will be drawn, analyzed, and evaluated. The evaluation and analysis to be carried out is aimed at illustrating the differences between the two CPU process-scheduling algorithms based on the data obtained. Normally, it is expected that, for the Shortest Job First SJF also referred to as the shortest remaining CPU burst time first, the process with the shortest CPU burst time is the one that is executed first. For the First Come, First Served CPU scheduling algorithm, the first job to arrive in the ready queue is the one that is executed first, and it must be executed to completion before any other process takes up the CPU. However, there are scenarios such when there is an I/O request, a process being executed in the First Come, First Served algorithm is returned to the waiting time and a new process in the queue is executed before the other process continues executing. This is known as context switching and they are normally two. In the Shortest Job First CPU scheduling algorithm, there are scenarios where more than one process with the shortest CPU burst time; m ore than one process have the same CPU burst time exist in the ready queue. In such cases, these processes are evaluated depending on the time each job or process arrived in the ready queue, this implies some sort of First Come, First Served CPU scheduling algorithm is implemented, and the job that arrived in the re

Facebook - The Question of Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facebook - The Question of Privacy - Essay Example Users of the Facebook website vary from individuals who post profiles with photographs and videos freely to the other end of the spectrum, those who post, but secure their profiles out of fear that their personal information is at risk (Sutherland). A contradiction exists in regards to perspectives on privacy. People want to feel safe on the Internet, going to great lengths to minimize their â€Å"cyber footprint† (Changing Ways), from removing their contact information from directories to complaining about â€Å"their houses being visible on Google Earth† (Grayling). Yet, millions of other people cannot spend a single day without Internet-access, informing the world of their every action via Twitter and updating their Facebook status with their every thought, a plethora of photographs and personal details. Perhaps the attraction is in the projection of an ideal or image rather than conveying truth (Grayling). That said, Grayling implies websites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, chat rooms, and other blog sites, may not be extinguishing users’ privacy as much as people think.... For example, users are now prompted to accept the Facebook terms and conditions when opening an application for the first time, granting the application developer access to personal contact information from the user’s personal profile. This change is geared toward one of Facebook’s largest company initiatives for 2011—e-commerce (Townsend). Although users are prompted to accept or decline the granting of access to personal information when the permission box pops up, it is unlikely that users will read the new terms. Townsend suggests most Internet users have been trained to bypass the fine print and get to the bottom line, clicking anything necessary to get them to what they were initially trying to do. Facebook cannot be blamed for users failing to read the fine print, can they? Based on Townsend’s research on the subject of privacy and recent changes made by the company, it seems Facebook is focusing on profiting from the personal information of its use rs. The value of contact information and personal details that are provided on the website so freely serves as one of the company’s â€Å"greatest potential revenue streams for the future† (Townsend). While Facebook is protecting itself by adding new terms to the permission box that pops up when users access developer applications, it may not only be Facebook benefiting from the personal details being transmitted. Townsend describes rogue applications that are intended to farm user information by pretending to be something they are not. Facebook claims to carefully monitor scams (â€Å"Facebook†) such as faux applications that gain access to users information in this manner, but it could take several days before the application is caught and eliminated; meaning countless users at the hands

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

World Religions - Essay Example uism, Jainism, and Buddhism refer to the notion of karma in their principal beliefs, but the meaning of karma introduces some different features in the dimension of this religions and cultures. It is important to mention that there are a number of divergent and similar feature in the concepts of karma regarding this particular religions. It is interesting to investigate the peculiarities each of them and understand is basic features. Hinduism is considered to be widespread religion of South Asian people and karma is regarded as one of the principal notions in this particular belief (Smith, n.p.). The word itself refers to the Vedic texts with the basic meaning â€Å"ritual action or labor† (Smith, n.p.). The matter is that ritual of work belongs to â€Å"the construction of a religiously viable self† (Smith, n.p.). To such extend the notion of action presupposes some consequences in the present and future to the particular person. Jainism represents karma as the â€Å"net of our previous choices† that creates the experience of the present moment (Long, 84). Consequently, our current choices produce the future circumstances of our existence (Long, 84). It is important to mention that according to Jainism beliefs we all create the universe with suggesting our choices in a collective form (Long, 84). Kama consist of people’s mind, speech and body that presupposes his/her proceedings. What is more karma is regarded as an abstract substance that surrounds the soul and people’s consciousness. In the dimension of Buddhism karma first and foremost refers to the people’s intentions as they are regarded as the principal stimulators of people’s actions and proceedings (Jà ¼rgensmeyer, 70). Intention is considered to be an â€Å"essential element in moral decision making† according to Buddhism religion (Jà ¼rgensmeyer, 70). That is why they construct a principal concept of karma in this particular case. What is relevant to mention is one big similarity concerning this

Facebook - The Question of Privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Facebook - The Question of Privacy - Essay Example Users of the Facebook website vary from individuals who post profiles with photographs and videos freely to the other end of the spectrum, those who post, but secure their profiles out of fear that their personal information is at risk (Sutherland). A contradiction exists in regards to perspectives on privacy. People want to feel safe on the Internet, going to great lengths to minimize their â€Å"cyber footprint† (Changing Ways), from removing their contact information from directories to complaining about â€Å"their houses being visible on Google Earth† (Grayling). Yet, millions of other people cannot spend a single day without Internet-access, informing the world of their every action via Twitter and updating their Facebook status with their every thought, a plethora of photographs and personal details. Perhaps the attraction is in the projection of an ideal or image rather than conveying truth (Grayling). That said, Grayling implies websites like Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, chat rooms, and other blog sites, may not be extinguishing users’ privacy as much as people think.... For example, users are now prompted to accept the Facebook terms and conditions when opening an application for the first time, granting the application developer access to personal contact information from the user’s personal profile. This change is geared toward one of Facebook’s largest company initiatives for 2011—e-commerce (Townsend). Although users are prompted to accept or decline the granting of access to personal information when the permission box pops up, it is unlikely that users will read the new terms. Townsend suggests most Internet users have been trained to bypass the fine print and get to the bottom line, clicking anything necessary to get them to what they were initially trying to do. Facebook cannot be blamed for users failing to read the fine print, can they? Based on Townsend’s research on the subject of privacy and recent changes made by the company, it seems Facebook is focusing on profiting from the personal information of its use rs. The value of contact information and personal details that are provided on the website so freely serves as one of the company’s â€Å"greatest potential revenue streams for the future† (Townsend). While Facebook is protecting itself by adding new terms to the permission box that pops up when users access developer applications, it may not only be Facebook benefiting from the personal details being transmitted. Townsend describes rogue applications that are intended to farm user information by pretending to be something they are not. Facebook claims to carefully monitor scams (â€Å"Facebook†) such as faux applications that gain access to users information in this manner, but it could take several days before the application is caught and eliminated; meaning countless users at the hands

Prisons and Jails Essay Example for Free

Prisons and Jails Essay Almost all nations and cultures have made laws to protect their citizens. From the early years and over the decades these laws have been kept in force to prevent the societies from experiencing situations of anarchy. Different punishment has been provided for in different countries to prevent its people from adopting a path and practice of criminal activities. The world of today is characterized by the presence of criminals who are brought to book and punished in a variety of ways depending on the culture and values of any country or society. Prisoners have been locked up in prisons and meted out with terms that include punishment by way of a rigorous regimen of hard labor while undergoing the term as also milder ones that may include a stint in reformatory homes. Historically punishments have ranged from corporal punishment to death penalty, Several countries have for long been awarding the death penalty for committing heinous crimes that were executed in several forms that included, hanging, guillotine, by firing squad, lynching and now electric chair. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi is the oldest record available to ascertain that a egal system existed to award punishment in the Middle East. Western countries were influenced by and followed the laws enacted in ancient Rome whereby each city had a court that worked under the Law of Twelve Tables so as to protect citizens and to make the rulers and governments effective. The Justinian Code is considered to be the most logical and effective legal system that was most effective in ancient times whereby punishment was meted out by the process of Law. In due course people began to realize the value of a legal system that protected citizens and each country began to appoint heriffs to deal with punishments and the justice system became a major part of society although they were never fool proof and were always characterized by shortcomings that put a question mark on the efficiency of the judiciary. In ancient times the justice and reform system was often misused when criminals were hung on crosses, sometimes tortured to death or placed in dungeons to die. Those citizens who protested were also treated as criminals and tortured or put behind bars. It was during this time, in the 19th century and mainly in the Roman Empire that civil justice was effectively implemented nd more prisons were built to punish criminals humanely. This soon had effect on the rest of the world and with the emergence of the modern world more prisons were built and departments set up to manage them effectively. With the widespread maturing of the legal system over the decades, more and more criminals were brought to book and the law abiding citizens heaved a sigh of relief especially during the time of the Queen of Britain at the turn of the 19th century. Under the new system the criminal was given an opportunity to prove himself innocent and the overnment had to prove a person to be guilty of crime within the prevailing provisions of law, before he could be sentenced to a term of punishment and imprisonment. Although capital punishment continued to prevail but it was awarded in the rarest of rare cases. Over the years with the influence of Human Rights Organizations and Civil Rights Movements, the trend has set in to rather reform the wrong doers than to award extreme penalties by giving sentenced criminals opportunities to amend themselves and to come back within the mainstream of society. Under the system convicts are put on probation or parole under the watchful eyes of probation officers appointed by courts to ensure that such people remain disciplined and strictly follow the code of conduct as outlined by the court. The view of punishment taken by society has changed dramatically over the years. Initially punishment comprised of physical torture, maiming, death by burning, hard labor, deprivation of food adequate clothing and shelter, but attitudes of the society have changed now and the belief is to punish by way of imprisonment of varying periods epending on the severity of the crime. Imprisonment today is considered punishment for one’s wrong doings, which is also consistent with the society’s objective of keeping such people aloof until they are reformed to lead a normal life within society. To insist that a person is sent to prison so that he is punished is wrong in today’s context since after he completes his term he has the justification to return to his old ways. Hence prison authorities today have a duty to fulfill by way of reforming the convict during his term so as to transform him into a more responsible citizen. It is for this reason that in most countries modern society is characterized by a prison and punishment system that strongly believes that the most effective form of punishment is to deprive the convict of his freedom until he is reformed. In this context the composition and diversity of prison population in America has been examined and found that presently over two million people are in American prisons. This does indicate that modern society has now been characterized by a pattern, which clearly indicates that the government is duty bound to ensure freedom to criminals once their 4 rison terms are over and that they gel back into society with a tag of respect and positive aspirations. The changing attitudes and trends have seen a constant inflow of inmates in the Federal, State and local prisons. The Federal government held a majority of 63% of the inmates while local municipal and county jails held 30%, and the remaining being accounted for in other prisons.. Most states have been experiencing a 5% increase in the number of inmates over the last three years. Private prisons held about 86626 prisoners which accounts for about 7% of the inmates in American prison. A private prison is a place in which convicts are physically detained by a private organization for profit at the instance of the legal authorities. These companies enter into an agreement with the federal government to take care of and reform and motivate prisoners and claim from them a fixed fee amount per prisoner. There are about 264 private prisons/correctional facilities in the United States that take care of about 110000 offenders. The concept of private prisons was floated to reduce government expenses in the long run, but the scheme has not worked effectively due to private sector neffectiveness with convicts, and having realized this the federal government is not encouraging further addition to their numbers. The number of private prisons is now set to decline gradually. Rates of imprisonment have greatly increased due to increase in the rate of criminal offences, which is considered a consequence of the fast track development that is taking place in the modern world. More delinquencies resulting from human inadequacies to tolerate inequalities have resulted in people taking the course first towards minor crimes and then graduating to bigger ones and then ultimately falling into legal traps that lead to their conviction and further imprisonment. In America imprisonment is the most common sentence in legislation for serious offences in terms of dealing with criminal activities, which explains the high number of prisoners in jails. Only effective and well targeted correction measures and programs can reduce criminal offending and over time there is good reason to target investment in preventive approaches for the betterment of those undergoing prison sentences. As discussed earlier, in the modern world the biggest punishment for a criminal is to urtail his freedom for the duration of his sentence and during this time it is the duty of the jail administration to make him undergo a rigorous regimen of correction and transformation into a more responsible and law abiding citizen. The American government has an arrangement in place whereby all jail administrators are to undergo a training program to specialize in dealing with and reforming convicts and to encourage them in displaying their creativity and interests so that when their prison term is over they can lead the life style that is in keeping with that of a responsible and respectable citizen. The American judicial and correction system is such that it is considered to be one of the most liberal in terms of providing guarantees of human rights and opportunities for misguided people to reform themselves. There are several government sponsored programs that provide for opportunities for such people to reestablish themselves for a better means of livelihood. The punishment part for their wrong doings gets over the moment they finish with the duration of their prison sentence and after that they can look forward to a happier life free of the stigma that attaches to a person of such background.

Temperature Dependent Speed Controller Using Thermistor Computer Science Essay

Temperature Dependent Speed Controller Using Thermistor Computer Science Essay This project is a standalone automatic fan speed controller that controls the speed of an electric fan according to our requirement. This closed loop feedback control system is efficient and reliable by using embedded technology . Micro controller (AT89C51) allows dynamic and faster control. Liquid crystal display (LCD) makes the system user-friendly. The sensed temperature and fan speed level values are simultaneously displayed on the LCD panel. It is very compact using few components and can be implemented for several applications including air-conditioners, water-heaters, snow meltars, ovens, heat-exchangers, mixers, furnaces, incubators, thermal baths and veterinary operating tables. AT89C51 micro controller is the heart of the circuit as it controls all the functions. The temperature sensor thermistor senses the temperature and converts it into an electrical (analog) signal, which is applied to the micro controller through ADC. The analog signal is converted into digital format by the analog to-digital converter (ADC). The sensed and set values of the temperature are displayed on the 162-line LCD. The micro controller drives control relays by means of ULN driver circuit to control the fan speed with the help of high wattage tagged wire wound resistor. Single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relays are connected to the micro controller through a ULN driver circuit. The relays require 12 volts at a current of around 50 mA, which cannot provided by the micro controller. So the ULN driver circuit is added. The relays are used to operate the electrical fan or for operating any other electrical device. Normally the relays remain off. As soon as pin of the micro controller goes high, the relays operate This project uses regulated 5V, 500mA 12V, 500mA power supply. 7805 and 7812 three terminal voltage regulators are used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to rectify the ac out put of secondary of 230/12V step down transformer. This project is useful in process industries for maintenance and controlling temperature. CHOICE OF MICROCONTROLLER There are different types of processors and controllers available in the market. Industrial and control application/may require automation of the process such as temperature, pressure, liquid flow, etc., in order to minimize manual intervention. To automate any application an intelligent controller plays a major role. One such controller proposed for the project is AT89C51, an 8-bit microcontroller. The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ instruction set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a con- ventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control appli- cations The AT89C51 provides the following standard features: 4Kbytes of Flash, 128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry.In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset. CHOICE OF MEMORY As the system under consideration is using AT89C51 microcontroller it has 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory and EPROM for its purposes. The ATMEL AMR code is stored in an inbuilt flash memory. Flash memory cannot be reprogrammed constantly. The temperature sensor device also supports the storage of last ten pairs of measurements and new measurements are over written to the older one. Hence this system is using EEPROM as a data storage memory. Even though EEPROM is slower than Flash memory it can be rewritten as many number of times as wanted. Memory Organization The information presented in this chapter is collected from the Microcontroller Architectural Overview, AT89C51, AT89LV51, AT89C52, AT89LV52, AT89C2051, and AT89C1051 data sheets of this book. The material has been selected and rearranged to form a quick and convenient reference for the programmers of Atmels microcontroller family of devices. This guide pertains specifically to the AT89C51, AT89LV51, AT89C52, and AT89LV52. Memory Organization Program Memory The AT89C Microcontroller has separate address spaces for program memory and data memory. The program memory can be up to 64 Kbytes long. The lower addresses may reside onchip. Figure 1 shows a map of the AT89C51 program memory, and Figure 2 shows a map of the AT89C52 program memory. The AT89C10512051 do not have off-board memory expansion. Figure 1. AT89C51 Program Memory Flash Microcontroller Memory Organization Figure 2. AT89C52 Program Memory 0498A Data Memory The AT89C can directly address up to 64 Kbytes of data memory external to the chip. The MOVX instruction accesses the external data memory. (Refer to the Instruction Set section in this chapter for a detailed description of instructions). The AT89C51 has 128 bytes of on-chip RAM (256 bytes in the AT89C52) plus a number of Special Function Registers (SFRs). The lower 128 bytes of RAM can be accessed either by direct addressing (MOV data addr) or by indirect addressing (MOV Ri). CHOICE OF ADC ADC0804 (Analog to Digital Converter) Figure 3 illustrates the main function of the ADC0804 i.e. to convert the input signal from temperature sensor device to voltage form that has 8-bit output. This device acts as a memory location or port entry to the microprocessor and does not require additional logic extension. ADC0804 design. To prove that this design is according to the specifications hardware, the formula used is as follows: ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 (1.2) where ADC out = digital output value Ain = Input Gain Vmax = Maximum voltage Using formula (1.2), it is found that: without amplifier, ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 = (1/5) X 256 = 51 D = 00110011 B So that, the temperature value is = 100 / 51 = 1.96 °C à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 °C If using amplifier, ADC out = Ain / Vmax X 256 = (5 /5) X 256 = 256 D = 1111 1111 B (Proved) ADC 0804 Analog to digital converters find huge application as an intermediate device to convert the signals from analog to digital form. These digital signals are used for further processing by the digital processors. Various sensors like temperature, pressure, force etc. convert the physical characteristics into electrical signals that are analog in nature. ADC0804 is a very commonly used 8-bit analog to digital convertor.  It is a single channel IC, i.e., it can take only one analog signal as input. The digital outputs vary from 0 to a maximum of 255. The step size can be adjusted by setting the reference voltage at pin9. When this pin is not connected, the default reference voltage is the operating voltage, i.e., Vcc. The step size at 5V is 19.53mV (5V/255), i.e., for every 19.53mV rise in the analog input, the output varies by 1 unit. To set a particular voltage level as the reference value, this pin is connected to half the voltage. For example, to set a reference of 4V (Vref), pin9 is connected to 2V (Vref/2), thereby reducing the step size to 15.62mV (4V/255).   ADC0804 needs a clock to operate. The time taken to convert the analog value to digital value is dependent on this clock source. An external clock can be given at the Clock IN pin. ADC 0804 also has an inbuilt clock which can be used in absence of external clock. A suitable RC circuit is connected between the Clock IN and Clock R pins to use the internal clock. Pin Diagram:   An ADC is an electronic device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The reverse operation is done by a DAC. The digital output may be using different coding schemes such as binary and twos compliment binary. Most ADCs are of a type known as linear which means that the range of input values that map to each output value has a linear relationship with the output value. The ADC used is an IC, ADC 0804. Features  · Compatible with 8080  µP derivatives-no interfacing logic needed access time 135 ns  · Easy interface to all microprocessors, or operates stand alone  · Differential analog voltage inputs  · Logic inputs and outputs meet both MOS and TTL voltage level specifications  · Works with 2.5V (LM336) voltage reference  · On-chip clock generator  · 0V to 5V analog input voltage range with single 5V supply  · No zero adjust required  · 0.3[Prime] standard width 20-pin DIP package  · 20-pin molded chip carrier or small outline package  · Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC, 2.5 VDC, or analog span adjusted voltage reference CHOICE OF SCHEDULING ALGORITHM. Many scheduling algorithm have been studied to guarantee the real time constraints of real time process. Scheduling decisions of this algorithm is usually based on parameters which are assumed to be crisp. However, in many circumstances the values of these parameters are vague. The vagueness of parameters suggests us to make the usage of fuzzy logic to decide in what order the request should be executed to better utilize the system and as a results reduce the chance of a request being missed. Our main contribution is proposing a fuzzy approach to microprocessor/microcontroller real time scheduling in which the scheduling parameters are treated as fuzzy variables. SAMPLING RATES OF CONTROLLED LOOP The temperature measurement device Resistance Temperature Detector a measure temperature in the range of -25-150 degree Celsius. But in this application the temperature inside the container is maintained at 25 degree Celsius. There is no much deviation of temperature inside the container. The container temperature doesnt vary that much in a second. The resolution of the device is 0.1 degree Celsius if the temperature inside the container varies more than the 0.1 degree Celsius the temperature sensing device can able to detect and the output will be shown. Suppose the temperature inside the container is changing at the rate of 0.1 degree Celsius per second the output has the frequency of 1 Hz. So the sampling rate for the device to sample or measure the temperature neednt be that high. So the device is using a sampling rate of 1 for measuring temperature i.e. temperature measurement device is having a sampling frequency of 1 HZ. Number of bits per second will be 10 bits per second (1 HZ*10 bits) which can be easily handled by 10 bit ATMEL ADC. Temperature Sensor Resolution   0.1 degree Celsius Temperature change inside the container   1 degree Celsius per minute So the frequency would be 0.6 HZ Sampling frequency = 0.6*5 = 3Hz (to be greater) Sampling rate = 0.3 Seconds   CHOICE OF REAL TIME SCHEDULING ALGORITHM There are basically four types of real times scheduling algorithm Round Robin Round Robin with interrupt Function queue scheduling RTOS( Real Time Operating System)   ROUND ROBIN It is the simplest algorithm. The Round Robin algorithm is characterized by the absence of interrupts. The algorithm consists of a main loop that checks each I/O device in turn and Service them if needed. it cannot suffer from shared data problems. Latency is limited by the maximum duration of a loop cycle. Attractive for simple environments. At the same time the disadvantage for the algorithm is it cannot set priorities. Its worst case wait for an important task code is the sum of execution time of all the other task code. ROUND ROBIN WITH INTERRUPT The main advantage of Round Robin with interrupt routines deals with the very urgent needs of devices. Interrupt routines set flags to indicate the interrupt happened. Main while loop polls the status of the interrupt flags and does any  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   follow up process required by a set flag. It moves more control over priority.    FUNCTION QUEUE SCHEDULING The advantage of function queue scheduling is latency for high priority devices can be reduced compared to Round-Robin with Interrupts. In Round-Robin with Interrupts every loop may end up executing every follow-up task. Function-Queue Scheduling guarantees that at most a single follow-up task is executed per loop iteration. The main disadvantage is latency for low priority tasks can increase. Low priority tasks can actually starve. Queuing algorithm may be complex/costly to run/code. If a low priority follow-up task is very time consuming the latency for higher priority response times will suffer. RTOS The advantage of RTOS is interrupts signal the need for follow-up tasks. But, unlike Function-Queue Scheduling, this is handled by the Real-Time Operating System and not by the interrupt routines manipulating flags or a queue. Instead of a loop deciding what to do next the RTOS decides. One follow-up task can be suspended by the RTOS in favouring of performing a higher priority task.-Queue. Suspension of tasks allows the worst case wait for the highest priority item to be zero. Built-in scheduling mechanism yields a system with very stable response characteristics even when changes to the code occur. Widely available for purchase. This embedded system is using  Round Robin Scheduling  as real time scheduling algorithm. The device is used to control only the temperature inside the steel container and so round robin architecture can be set here. FAILURE CONDITIONS The system will fail only if the temperature exceeds the range of the temperature sensor. Since it is a room temperature controller the variation in the room is very slow. PERFORMANCE MEASURES As the performance measure of system is totally dependent on PID Controller performance. So the PID controller performance can be evaluated by the periodic of the parameter hereafter against some baseline values. The performance improvement actions are taken accordingly on a periodic manner. So the Process Variable Error Overshoot Steady state error Settling time Must be calculated by different values of PID controllers Controller tuning methods provide the controller parameters in the form of formula or algorithms. They ensure that the obtained control system would be stable and would meet. These methods require certain knowledge about the controlled process. This knowledge, which depends on the applied method, usually translates into a transfer function. The objectives which should be achieved by the application of the control system are associated with the   control system features Regulating performance, Tracking performance, Robustness, noise attenuation.

Arthur Birling at the Beginning of Act One in An Inspector Calls Essay

Arthur Birling at the Beginning of Act One in An Inspector Calls JB Priestly wrote the play of ‘An Inspector Calls’ in 1945 but set the play in 1912, Edwardian Britain. The writer intentionally set the play in 1912 to make the audience aware of social conscience. Another reason why the play was set in 1912 was because, some of the historical events mentioned in the play, the audience would be familiar with as they would have lived through the time and would know the real results of how they ended and what the causes were because the era from which he set was very different to when he wrote the play. In the play, when these events are mentioned, Arthur Birling says the opposite to what actually happens such as when Birling said there would be no war, world war 1 started two years later and world war 2 ended in mid 1945; there were sturdy comparisons and discrimination between the upper and lower classes in the 1912 era but the class distinctions had significantly reduced in 1945 as a result of two world wars; the ruling classes saw no necessities in changing the status quo but in the time in which ‘An Inspector Calls’ was written, there was a great passion for social change in the classes and immediately after world war 2, Labours Clement Attlee won a landslide victory over the conservative Winston Churchill. The main events mentioned in the play are the world wars, would ‘never happen and the Titanic, which was ‘unsinkable, absolutely unsinkable’. One evening of happiness and bliss brings the Birling Family and Gerald Croft to distress and truth, as they are celebrating the engagement party of their Daughter Sheila to Gerald until an inspector calls regarding the death of a young girl who had poisoned ... ...himself he and his family have no part in the girl’s death and so it would be necessary for the inspector to leave but then finds out he and his family played the most important part in the girls death, and even after hearing that, he still tries to turn a blind eye. Some ideas and themes J B Priestly was trying to convey through the character of Arthur Birling were Cause and Effect and Social conscience. Clues, which are given in the play to the audience about the result of Arthur Birling as the play progresses, are all found with the language Birling uses to speak about himself. Also, His characteristics show that as the story progresses, when Birling is hit with a mistake he thinks he never made, he will face a major downfall in his position in the society, and will lose respect from family members employees and everyone else who has respected him.

Glamorous Lives Changed By Children :: Film Movie Raising Helen Uptown Girls Essays

Glamorous Lives Changed By Children In the movies â€Å"Raising Helen† and â€Å"Uptown Girls†, two women find their glamorous lifestyles turned inside out and themselves’ in the constant and close company of children who they do not seem at all fit to take care of. Although these women have similar experiences with children and are shaped and changed in similar ways by these experiences, their circumstances are quite different. The two women learn a world completely different from their own through being care takers to children. They each have new responsibilities that come out of this experience and, as a result, are shaped into entirely new people with new values and memories of life. Both women gain experience in responsibility to someone they truly care about. Although their glamorous lifestyles are changed drastically by these responsibilities, both women realize the true happiness and satisfaction they get from doing something and being there for someone other than themselves. As a resu lt, they learn to value selflessness and memories that could never be out done by a life of glamour and money. In â€Å"Raising Helen†, Helen Harris in her glamorous, big-city life one day finds herself acquiring custody of her two nieces and one nephew. Her life is turned inside out and she is completely beside herself when trying to figure out what to do. Helen and the kids face many trials and tribulations but soon make a life together that, although is lived one day at a time, works. Helen is shaped into a whole new person and learns now more than ever what it means to be a family. In â€Å"Uptown Girls†, Molly a rock n’ roll princess has her glamorous and rich life swept out from under her feet when she finds out that her accountant has blown all of her daddy’s money. She ends up in a job as a Nanny for nine year old Ray who has a mother too busy with her own life to even notice her daughter. Molly and Ray hate each other at first but soon become the best of friends and learn how to accept each other’s quirks. Molly is also shaped into a whole other person and learns what it means to have a true best friend. Both women experience a drastic change in their lives. They are hit with new responsibility, a kind of responsibility that, if neglected, would affect another human-being, not just themselves.

Concussions: Traumatic Brain Injury and Moderate Concussion

Concussions A concussion is a clinical syndrome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) also referred to as mild brain injury (MBI), is characterized by immediate but transient posttraumatic impairment of the brain function. Mental confusion, alteration of mental status, and amnesia are hallmarks of concussion symptoms that may or may not also include the loss of consciousness. It temporarily interferes with the way your brain works, and it can affect memory, judgment, reflexes, speech, balance, coordination, and sleep patterns.A concussion may result when the head hits an object or a moving object strikes the head. A concussion can result from a fall, sports activities, and car accidents. Significant movement of the brain can cause you to lose alertness. How long you remain unconscious may be a sign of the severity of the concussion. However, you don't always involve a loss of consciousness. Most people who have a concussion never black out. You can have a concussion and not realize it. The re are three grades to scale a concussions severity.Grade 1 is considered a mild concussion that has no loss of consciousness; posttraumatic amnesia lasting less than thirty minutes. Post concussion signs and symptoms other than amnesia lasting less than twenty-four hours. Grade 2 is a moderate concussion, loss of consciousness lasting less than one minute. Posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than thirty minutes but less than twenty-four hours: postconcussion signs and symptoms lasting longer than twenty-four hours but less than seven days.Grade 3 is a severe concussion, which consist of loss of consciousness lasting more than one minute or posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than twenty-four hours. The postconcussion signs and symptoms will last longer than seven days. There are several things a doctor can do to test an athlete or a patient for a concussion. The doctor will perform a physical exam and check your nervous system. There may be changes in your pupil size, thinking ab ility, coordination, and reflexes.Tests that may be performed include: EEG  which is a brain wave test it may be needed if seizures continue, head CT  scan, and MRI of the head. Many signs that a doctor can look for are altered levels of consciousness such as drowsy, hard to arouse, or similar changes, confusion or feeling spacey, headache, loss of consciousness, memory loss such as events before the injury or immediately after, nausea or vomiting, seeing flashing lights, and feeling like you have â€Å"lost time†.If the concussion occurred during a sporting event and resulted in a headache, confusion, or change in alertness, a trained person must determine when that person can return to playing sports. Healing or recovering from a concussion takes time. It may take days, weeks, or even months. You may be irritable, have trouble concentrating, unable to remember things, headaches, dizziness, and blurry vision. These problems will probably go away slowly. You may want to g et help from family or friends before making important decisions.There is a testing that is call ImPACT testing that you test each athlete before physical activity. ImPact stands for Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing. Then in the case of a concussion they can take the athletes after and retest them on their memory skills. ImPACT provides computerized neurocognitive assessment tools and services that are used by medical doctors, psychologists, athletic trainers and other licensed healthcare professionals to assist them in determining an athlete’s ability to return to play after suffering a concussion.

Split Cherry Tree

The short story, Spilt Cherry Tree, was written by Jesse Stuart. In the beginning of the story, Dave and his classmates went with Professor Herbert on a field trip for biology class. They were all searching for lizards, bugs, snakes, frogs, flowers, and plants. Dave and five of his classmates had spotted a lizard in the old cherry tree up the hill, so all six of them ran up the tree after it, and the tree broke down. Eif Crabtree, the owner of the tree was plowing when it happened and he ran up and go tall the boys’ names. Dave’s five classmates who broke the tree with him were all able to get the dollar that they owed Mr. Crabtree, but Dave knew he wouldn’t be able to get his. Professor Herbert kept Dave after school and told him that he paid Dave’s dollar, but he would have to work four hours at the school to earn the full dollar, which means he would be getting paid twenty-five cents and hour to help the janitor. Dave really didn’t mind staying after school, but he knew that he would get a whipping from his father if he was two hours late getting home. Dave told Professor Herbert that he would rather have the professor whip him with a switch so he could go on home and help his dad with chores because he knew his dad would whip him if he was two hours late. Dave was also afraid that his father would make him quit school because he was a little old fashioned and didn’t understand the school system of that time. Split Cherry Tree The short story, Spilt Cherry Tree, was written by Jesse Stuart. In the beginning of the story, Dave and his classmates went with Professor Herbert on a field trip for biology class. They were all searching for lizards, bugs, snakes, frogs, flowers, and plants. Dave and five of his classmates had spotted a lizard in the old cherry tree up the hill, so all six of them ran up the tree after it, and the tree broke down. Eif Crabtree, the owner of the tree was plowing when it happened and he ran up and go tall the boys’ names. Dave’s five classmates who broke the tree with him were all able to get the dollar that they owed Mr. Crabtree, but Dave knew he wouldn’t be able to get his. Professor Herbert kept Dave after school and told him that he paid Dave’s dollar, but he would have to work four hours at the school to earn the full dollar, which means he would be getting paid twenty-five cents and hour to help the janitor. Dave really didn’t mind staying after school, but he knew that he would get a whipping from his father if he was two hours late getting home. Dave told Professor Herbert that he would rather have the professor whip him with a switch so he could go on home and help his dad with chores because he knew his dad would whip him if he was two hours late. Dave was also afraid that his father would make him quit school because he was a little old fashioned and didn’t understand the school system of that time.

Applied Principles for Responsible Business Practice

Human resource management is used to describe the management of the people within an organization. There are various responsibilities that fall under the human resource management , which creates an efficient workforce environment for the organization. Human resource management is a â€Å"resource† centred phenomenon that deals in monitoring, planning and control of the people associate with the organization (Punch,   2013). In this report, we analyse the Australia and New Zealand banking group (ANZ), which is the fourth largest banking in Australia and the largest bank in New Zealand. The human resource management program of the ANZ bank would be conducted in the report, with more stress on the labour practices and the approaches towards the social responsibility of the company. The report analyses various steps that are taken by the organization, and thereby helps the organization in achieving the goals of the organization of achieving an ethical framework. ANZ bank believes in the natural strengths of a vivacious, diverse and comprehensive team   where the background, aim and experiences of a particular person helps the organization to form a stable relationship with the customers of the company. it helps in making better decisions for the business. the labour practices of the ANZ organization can be divided s follows : Values – ANZ values ensures â€Å"doing the right things well† (Chien, 2012). Their values describe the position of the organization which implements the ideas of not willing to compromise in any situation with the customers, shareholders, community and with each other. Along with the code of conduct and ethics, the company helps in organizing the value guide that helps in taking efficient decisions. Their values are to do what is right, to connect and work in unity in order to fulfil the wants of the customers, to make their actions useful enough , value every choice and respect the customers and each other and to give their best at work . Approach to human rights – ANZ performs various approaches that guides the methods of treating its employees, promote culture and respect to the customers and suppliers ,and contributing the communities in which is persists (Executive Strategies | ANZ. (2016). They sign a mandatory un global compact that initiates the guidelines for the ethical conduct towards its employees. They have generated their standards available for the employees in five different languages. Diversity and inclusion – ANZ has maintained a diverse environment at workplace by following various approaches towards the employees. Numerous policies and plans are initiated in order to uplift the welfare of its employees such as   employment opportunity, plans against harassment and bullying, flexible working, accommodation for the staffs, parenting ,eldercare and childcare facilities. Various approaches have also been initiated dealing with discouraging gender bias at workforce, promoting cultural diversity , increasing accessibility and flexibility towards the workers (David & David 2016). It aims at providing all the facilities to its employees that would raise the productivity of each labour. Health and safety policies – ANZ provides its labour with various health, safety, security and wellbeing policies   that would help the labours of the organization. They have implemented a health and safety management system (HSMS) to identify and formulate the wellbeing of the employees, customers, contractors and visitors ad members of the organization. A special employee assistance problem has been initiated by ANZ bank which deals with a confidential counselling service providing professional guidance and support to the labours. A risk accreditation framework has been formed as a part of ANZ essentials that helps the labours to identify their specific roles and requirements for training. Training and development – ANZ has   a team of highly respecting banking professionals that aims at fostering the labour for longer term and a culture of continuous and self directed learning. They offer their labours with various formal and informal ways to learn ,develop and grow. They are in collaboration with some leading training institutes that help the organization in training their labour for producing quality efficient work. ANZ provides their labour with high opportunities to develop in their career (Oke ,2016). Employee relations – ANZ bank provides its employees with the work environment that encourage the employees to express their ideas, opinions and concerns towards the organization. They motivate their employees to participate in the policies and proposals of the bank which initiates a long term success of the company. The company conduct an annual employment engagement survey that is reported to the management board of the bank. They provide their employees with the freedom   to get associated with the decisions to be taken by the company (Jones,   McEvoy   & Barrett 2016). These commitments of the company are formulated by the freedom of association policy. ANZ aims at treating its employees with dignity and respect. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) have dedicated themselves in supervising the environmental impacts of their activities   Ã‚  and social responsibilities that would reduce both environmental impacts and costs incurred by the organization (Brammer, Jackson & Matten 2012).   In order to pertain an ideal situation towards its approach to social responsibility, ANZ has attempted to undertake various measures that would help the bank to achieve their target. The approaches could be listed as follows : Responsible business lending – the bank finances many social and environmental sensitive companies . The organization help their customers by providing them with aid in order to overcome their difficulties , minimise and manage their impacts. As stated by Mondy, & Martocchio (2016), the organization focuses on making balanced decisions that are fully informed, in order to help their customers to improve the management of environment, society, and governance risks. They have developed a number of processes such as social and environmental screening tool, reputation risk radar, early alert review committee and reputation risk committee. Climate change – ANZ is implementing   various plans n meeting the social, environmental and economic challenges posted by climate change. The organization has stated that they aim in   fulfilling the international agreement to limit the average global temperature , to not more than 2 °c  .   They have submitted a recent statement to the Australian parliamentary inquiry, which states the framework dealing with consistent information regarding the matters of carbon risk reporting. They have formed a carbon working group in acquisition with three other Australian banks (Murray, Davis,   Hewson   & McNamee, 2014). Managing footprints – the organization aims at reducing the environmental impact of the operations carried out by the bank, by formulating innovation and efficiency. There are some major environmental impacts that are as a result of the growth of digital banking services, which uses an expanded technological infrastructure (Mathis, et al., 2016).   The bank develops solutions in order to reduce these environmental impacts along with the view of reducing the costs. They have implemented various plans that designs sustainable branches and thereby reduces the need of natural resources (Hendry 2012). Supply chain -    ANZ bank is currently operating in 34 markets that utilises an extensive supply chain. As the bank knows, that their activities are directed towards having a social and environmental impact, and that their stakeholders expects to be managed accurately, the bank has formulated some approaches accordingly. They have a group sourcing policy to undermine the behaviour of everyone thereby ensuring a fairer and safe   conduct. A sustainability guidelines list is maintained for the bank in specific categories of the it sector, motor vehicle ease , legal services, print services and corporate wardrobe. ANZ has an extensive supplier code of practise (SCOP), which sets out various expectations of the suppliers (Stockport , et al., 2012). Energy and carbon emission – ANZ keeps a check on the performance of their 34 markets by operating through an online environmental reporting system.   They conduct video conferencing   other techniques in order to educate its employees regarding the   efficient consumption   of energy consumption. They meet the requirements of national greenhouse and energy reporting act 2007 and thereby helps to sustain the environment.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The code of conduct and ethics, helps in organizing the value guide that helps in taking efficient decisions for the company  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The company sign a mandatory un global compact that initiates the guidelines for the ethical conduct towards its employees  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Numerous policies and plans are initiated such as   employment opportunity, plans against harassment and bullying, flexible working, accommodation for the staffs, parenting ,eldercare and childcare facilities.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They have implemented a Health and Safety Management System (HSMS) to identify and formulate the wellbeing of the employees, customers, contractors and visitors ad members of the organization.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They are in collaboration with some leading training institutes that help the organization in training their labour for producing quality efficient work  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They have implemented a health and safety management system (HSMS) to identify and formulate the wellbeing of the employees, customers, contractors and visitors ad members of the organization.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They provide their employees with the freedom   to get associated with the decisions to be taken by the company.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization help their customers by providing them with aid in order to overcome their difficulties , minimise and manage their impacts.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization has stated that they aim in   fulfilling the international agreement to limit the average global temperature , to not more than 2 °C  .  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bank develops solutions in order to reduce these environmental impacts along with the view of reducing the costs.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They have a group sourcing policy to undermine the behaviour of everyone thereby ensuring a fairer and safe   conduct. A sustainability guidelines list is maintained for the bank in specific categories of the IT sector, motor vehicle ease , legal services, print services and corporate wardrobe.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ANZ keeps a check on the performance of their 34 markets by operating through an online environmental reporting system.    ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Company practices off shoring, that involves shifting of the business from one country to another.Weaknesses  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bank has no job security schemes for its employees, hence it results in firing its workers without any notice.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Less funding for the training program.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More optimization for   social benefits and include development strategies.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Supplier need to see that the public image of ANZ has not   been tarnished.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Delay in formulating the plan of carbon emission.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environmental effects are more than the remedies installed. Human resource management provides the company with the scope of analysing a responsible environment   around the workplace. With the detail analyses conducted over the labour practices and approaches towards the social responsibility of Australia and New Zealand banking group . Information regarding the various approaches proposed and perceived by the company has been discussed, that provides a clear view of what are the strengths and weaknesses of the organization with regard to the two elements of the human resource management. Brammer, S., Jackson, G., & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance.  Socio-Economic Review,  10(1), 3-28. Chien, I. L. C. (2012). A Study of Foreign Bank Acquisition Strategy-The Case of ANZ Bank. David, F., & David, F. R. (2016). Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Executive Strategies | ANZ. (2016). Anz.com. 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